There are several methods to change the displayed fragment, that is, select the rectangular map fragment which will be shown in the displaying pane.
First of all, standard Windows tools changing window size will be changing the displayed fragment as well, since the scale is not changed. Using scrollbars of displaying pane it is possible to move the displayed fragment along the map.
The position of the scroll box on the scroll bar of displaying pane indicates the position of displayed fragment with respect to the whole map with standard axes orientation. In this connection, if the map is shown with slope in the pane, the scroll box behaves somewhat paradoxically. For example, if the map slope angle is 180°, when clicking on the scroll bar above the scroll box it is moved down, that is, to the upper part of the map.
Modes of fragment zooming in and zooming out (buttons 
and 
) give a possibility to change the displaying scale and if necessary move the center of displayed fragment simultaneously. The cursor in these modes takes the shape of a magnifier: 
or 
. There are two variants of using the modes of zooming:
“A click in the point”. If you place the cursor in the necessary point and push the left button, the system will redraw a displaying pane, and the scale will be enlarged or reduced by two times (zooming factor can be adjusted), and the point where the cursor was located will be placed in the center of the pane.
“Selection of rectangle”. To enlarge some rectangular fragment of displayed area to the size of the whole pane, the left button in one corner of this fragment should be pushed and released in the opposite corner. The system tracks that the form of selected rectangle was similar to the displaying pane (it should have the same ratio of the width to the height). After releasing the button the pane will be redrawn and all its area will be occupied by selected rectangular fragment. The rectangle center will become the pane center.
It is a little more difficult to explain how selection of a rectangle works when reducing the fragment scale. In this case, as in the previous one, the user indicates some rectangular fragment and during redrawing of the pane the center of this fragment will become the pane center. However, displaying scale is reduced by so many times as the side of the selected rectangle is less than the pane side.
Modes of zooming in and zooming out to new window (buttons 
and 
, cursor shapes 
and 
). These modes are analogous with the previous ones. The difference is that the system opens a new map browser window and draws the selected fragment in it. The content of the initial window is not changed. Later, it is possible to work with a new and old window independently.
The selected rectangle should not be necessarily similar to displaying panes, since the new window may have different size.
Modes of counterclockwise and clockwise rotation (buttons 
and 
), cursor shapes 
and 
). After clicking in an arbitrary pane point the system moves the point where the cursor was to the pane center and performs rotation of displayed fragment to some angle in the corresponding direction. The standard rotation angle is 15°.
Mode of dragging a fragment (button 
, cursor shape 
) The cursor, in the form of a hand, enables catching the display by pushing the left button, drag it holding the button down to a new position and release it. Thus, it is possible to perform shift of displayed fragment “manually”.
Toolbar buttons 
, 
. When performing some operations which change displayed fragment considerably (for example, operations of zooming the fragment), the system remembers the previous displayed fragment. If such operations are performed several times, a list of fragments reflecting the history of changes of displayed fragment is formed. The button allows the user to return to the previous fragment of this list (that is, cancel the operation of changing the fragment), the button . performs a step forward according to the list.
The menu Fragment contains commands for changing displayed fragment. Using the possibilities of these commands mainly the same effect can be achieved as when using modes, however, in this case parameter values of changing fragment are specified from the keyboard in numerical form, that is why they can be specified more precisely.
Shift – value of fragment shift along the horizontal or vertical axis (in map units) is specified;
Zoom – zooming factor is specified;
Rotation – indicates rotation angle of displayed fragment from the current position (in degrees);
Center – coordinates of the point which should be placed in the center of displaying pane are specified in map units;
Scale – a new value of displaying scale is specified (in map units per logical centimeter of the screen);
Slope – slope angle of displayed fragment from normal position is specified (in degrees);
Previous – a step backwards in the list of recorded fragments is performed just as when the button is pushed;
Next – a step forward in the list of recorded fragments is performed just as when the button is pushed;
Original – execution of this command restores the fragment which was displayed right after window opening;
Update – complete redrawing of the window contents is performed in the current displayed fragment. This command is especially useful in the cases when due to a conflict of shared work session the system cannot perform the right drawing of a theme automatically and generates the corresponding warning.
Autoupdating – switches on and off the mode of automatic updating of the window contents with a specified time interval between updates (default value is 60 s). This mode is useful in the case of shared work of several users with the same fragment of the map.
Autoupdating settings – permits specifying the interval of time between automatic updates of the window contents. If the box Update when the browser is inactive is checked then updates will be performed even if this browser window is currently in the background. If the box is unchecked then the next update will occur after the window becomes active.
Shortcut keys of map browser window are assigned by default for the following operations:
<Gray + > – the command Zoom in. Zooming in of displaying scale by two times is performed (zooming factor can be adjusted), the coordinates of the center of displayed fragment are not changed.
Traditionally, keys are called “gray” when they are located in the right part of the keyboard, though on some keyboards their color does not differ from other keys.
<Gray – > – the command Zoom out. Zooming out of displaying scale by two times is performed (zooming factor can be adjusted), the coordinates of the center of displayed fragment are not changed.
These two simple commands are not included into any menu by default and are accessible only via shortcut keys. Certainly, the user can include them into the menu using setting tools described in subsection “Customizing window control elements”.
<Gray / > – the command Original.
F5 – the command Update.
These two shortcut keys duplicate analogous commands of the menu Fragment.
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